These two models are both non-standard customized shaft components. 

Product analysis:

Appearance and structural characteristics:

The first: one end is a smooth shaft, with a polished surface to facilitate compatibility with bearings, bushings, etc.; the other end has a spline structure, with regular tooth shape used to transmit torque, adapting to the spline sleeve for circumferential fixing and axial sliding.

The second (both models): it has multiple structures, such as with internal holes, irregular head shapes (hexagonal), and multi-segment splines/steps, to meet the needs of complex transmission. For example, the hexagonal head can accommodate specific wrenches/connectors, and multiple steps are used for positioning different components.

Material and processing:

The material is likely alloy structural steel (such as 45 steel, 40Cr), processed through forging, cutting, and heat treatment (quenching, surface hardening, etc.) to ensure strength and wear resistance. The smooth shaft section on the left may be precision ground for low surface roughness; the complex structure on the right requires multi-step processing to control geometric tolerances.

Product applications:

The first: suitable for simple transmission systems, such as a linear-rotary motion conversion in small equipment, where the spline transmits torque and the smooth shaft provides support and guidance.

The second: in engineering machinery, automation equipment, and other complex transmissions, multiple structures adapt to different components, achieving precise power transmission and positioning, such as in agricultural machinery gearboxes and industrial robot joints.

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